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In this path-breaking book, Jeb Sprague investigates the dangerous world of right-wing paramilitarism in Haiti and its role in undermining the democratic aspirations of the Haitian people. Sprague focuses on the period beginning in 1990 with the rise of Haiti’s first democratically elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, and the right-wing movements that succeeded in driving him from power. Over the ensuing two decades, paramilitary violence was largely directed against the poor and supporters of Aristide’s Lavalas movement, taking the lives of thousands of Haitians. Sprague seeks to understand how this occurred, and traces connections between paramilitaries and their elite financial and political backers, in Haiti but also in the United States and the Dominican Republic. The product of years of original research, this book draws on over fifty interviews—some of which placed the author in severe danger—and more than 11,000 documents secured through Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. It makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of Haiti today, and is a vivid reminder of how democratic struggles in poor countries are often met with extreme violence organized at the behest of capital.
- Sales Rank: #412237 in eBooks
- Published on: 2012-08-01
- Released on: 2012-08-01
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
"It is absolutely imperative for Haiti's history that such a detailed account of the role of paramilitary violence in the country be recorded. . . the marshalling of facts and events and the meticulous references are phenomenal."-Mildred Trouillot-Aristide,former First Lady of Haiti
"..exposeslayers of political complexity-with an intriguing assessment of the role ofparamilitary organizations in ensuring that popular movements in the Caribbeanrepublic are kept hobbled... This is a crucial story. For too long, the role ofparamilitarism in these events has been recognized but little studied."
-Dr. Matthew J.Smith, Dept of History & Archaeology at the University of West Indies,Mona. Author of 'Red and Black in Haiti: Radicalism, Conflict, and PoliticalChange, 1934-1957'
"Sprague argues essentially that with the winding down of the cold war and the emergence of capitalist globalization, that paramilitaries could no longer be used in such a permanent way, but rather have increasingly been used off and on - at certain time periods going into hibernation and then being redeployed when required." -The Bullet, E-Bulletin
"...Jeb's book is a reminder of Haiti's delicate nature, like a powder keg ready to explode at any minute. He reminds us that, unless the majority's concerns are also on the list of policymakers' priorities, Haiti will remain unstable." -Dr. Hyppolite Pierre, American Government and Politics at American Military University; author, Haiti, Rising Flames from Burning Ashes: Haiti the Phoenix
From the Author
Jeb Sprague received his Ph.D. in Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received a Project Censored Award in 2008 for an article (coauthored with Haitian journalist Wadner Pierre) from Port-au-Prince, and has written for the Miami Herald, Jamaica Observer, Inter Press Service, teleSUR, Al Jazeera, Z Magazine, NACLA, Haiti Liberté, Haiti Progrès, as well as a number of academic journals. This is his first book.
About the Author
Jeb Sprague is a PhD candidate in Sociology at the University of California at Santa Barbara. He received a Project Censored Award in 2008 for an article (coauthored with Haitian journalist Wadner Pierre) from Port-au-Prince, and has written for the Miami Herald, Jamaica Observer, Inter Press Service, TeleSUR, Al Jazeera, Z Magazine, NACLA, Haiti Liberté, Haiti Progrès, as well as a number of academic journals. This is his first book.
Most helpful customer reviews
8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Paramilitarism and the Assault on Democracy in Haiti
By judith
Haiti's brutal army was disbanded in 1995, yet armed and uniformed paramilitaries, with no government affiliation, occupy former army bases today.
President Michel Martelly, who has promised to restore the army, has not called on police or U.N. troops to dislodge these ad-hoc soldiers.
Given the army's history of violent opposition to democracy, Martelly's plan to renew the army "can only lead to more suffering," says Jeb Sprague in his just-released book "Paramilitarism and the Assault on Democracy in Haiti," [Monthly Review Press].
The role of Haiti's military and paramilitary forces has received too little academic and media attention, says Sprague, a doctoral candidate in sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He hopes his book will help to fill that gap. See complete review on the Inter Press Service website.
5 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Paramilitarism and the assault on democracy in Haiti
By Benoit Pierre
This book is a great piece of work about paramilitarism in Haiti. Throughout Latin American history, we have found many paramilitary groups. As this book shows, businessmen and the international community sometimes uses those paramilitary forces against the people to advance their own interests. Sprague took more than 5 years to carefully complete this work. He had analyzed more than 11,000 documents obtained from the state department through the Freedom of Information Act and WikiLeaks cables published in 2010. With supporting evidence, Sprague showed how Haiti's economic and political elite and the international community had used paramilitary forces throughout Haiti's history to oppress the masses. In essence, this book summarizes Haiti's history because the issue of paramilitarism had existed since independence. More particularly, this book demonstrates how problems with paramilitaries have taunted the Haitian people before and specifically after Jean Bertrand Aristide, Haiti's first democratically elected president in 1990.
4 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
A great resource, incredibly thorough research
By Benjamin Terrall
[...]
September 12, 2012
Terrorizing Haiti's Poor Majority
Haiti's Blood-Soaked Paramilitaries
by BEN TERRALL
Jeb Sprague's definitive Paramilitarism and the Assault on Democracy in Haiti (Monthly Review Press, 2012) is the product of seven years of research and writing. Since the 2004 Bush Administration-backed overthrow of the democratically-elected Jean Bertrand Aristide government, journalist and scholar Sprague has been investigating key players behind that coup. His work is especially strong on interviews with figures in anti-Aristide political and paramilitary networks, and on unearthing cables from the U.S. embassy in Port-au-Prince and other relevant documents through Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. Sprague also combed through all the Haiti-related documents released through the activist project Wikileaks.
This volume is thoroughly sourced, containing 84 pages of footnotes. Though it is thus a scholarly work, it is also the product of the author's immersion in solidarity with Haiti's poor majority, resulting in an impassioned alternative to the obfuscation which has often passed for analysis of the 2004 coup.
Sprague's meticulous dissection of rightist propaganda about Ariside's record emanating from Haiti and Washington makes his book an essential companion to philosopher Peter Hallward's similarly thorough
volume Damming the Flood. Comparing the reaction to the first coup against an Aristide administration in 1991 to the 2004 operation, Sprague writes, "... the paramilitaries and many of the powerful groups backing the opposition had historically been connected in different ways. Scholars and human rights groups had extensively documented these connections after the 1991 coup. But the international press largely failed to probe them during Aristide's second government, instead more often than not credulously recycling the `peaceful' opposition's claims."
Sprague shows how Aristide's 1995 disbanding of the notoriously brutal Haitian army was one of the most popular acts of his presidency, at least with the majority of Haitian citizens. Ex-military figures were not as enthusiastic about this move, and became key players behind anti-Aristide machinations. Washington was also less than pleased. Sprague quotes a 2004 cable in which U.S. Ambassador James Foley wrote, "One must recognize that the members of the former army suffered an injustice ten years ago. The were fired/dismissed without ceremony, without anything. ... The were left on their own. ...For ten years, a long time, one does not know how they were able to survive." Foley and his peers showed no such concern for the thousands of Haitian workers laid off as a result of U.S. backed structural adjustment policies; Sprague writes, "Of course, [the former military] survived as they always had, by terrorizing the poor majority and those who dared to stand up to them."
Perhaps the book's most distressing insight is how the right wing paramilitary actors behind so much terror against Haiti's pro-democracy movement are still ensconced in positions of power in Haitian society and government.
In what Sprague refers to as a "selection," Michel Martelly was elected President in 2011 with the backing of Washington but not much of a popular mandate. Connecting the men around Martelly to the return to Haiti of the former dictator "Baby Doc" Duvalier, Sprague writes, "Numereous neo-Duvalierists and rightist ex-army work key security positions for the Martelly government and its allies in the senate [...] A committee appointed by Martelly to investigate the issue of reconstructing the military has unsurprisingly rubber stamped the plan." The Obama Administration has been noticeably quiet about raising any objections to such a rash plan. As Sprague writes, "Bringing paramilitary death squad leaders (and those who facilitated them) to justice is not a major concern for Washington and its allies."
Paramilitarism and the Assault on Democracy in Haiti is an essential book for building solidarity with those on the receiving end of paramilitary violence in Haiti. It should be read and studied widely.
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